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| 1937 |
| | Pope Pius XI issues an encyclical, Mit Brennender Sorge, condemning the Nazi ideology of racism | |
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| 1937 |
| | Lutheran pastor Martin Niemöller is arrested for defying the Nazis and spends the next eight years in concentration camps | |
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| 1939 |
| | Eugenio Pacelli is elected pope and takes the name Pius XII | |
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| 1940 |
| | Roger Schutz establishes an ecumenical religious order at Taiz&eachute; in France | |
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| 1948 |
| | The World Council of Churches is established in Amsterdam – a significant step in the ecumenical movement | |
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| 1950 |
| | US evangelist Billy Graham forms the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, to take the Christian message to the world | |
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| 1952 |
| | Albanian missionary Mother Teresa opens the Nirmal Hriday, or Kalighat Home for Dying Destitutes, in Calcutta | |
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| 1954 |
| | Korean evangelist Sun Myung Moon launches the Unification Church, a mission to unify world Christianity | |
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| 1956 |
| | Civil war breaks out in Sudan between the Muslim north and the Christian south | |
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| 1957 |
| | US novelist Mary McCarthy describes the religious pressures she grew up with in Memories of a Catholic Girlhood | |
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